Globalization and World Trade Organization Essay Example for Free

Globalization and World Trade Organization Essay Often perceived as the strongest instrument of globalization and supporter of economic liberalism, the other facet of the World Trade Organization brings its existence as an adamant global regime. For the concerned reason, Debi Barker and Jerry Mander have called WTO as a form of ‘Invisible Government’ in one of their publications for the International Forum on Globalization (IFG). China and Globalization: Behind China’s ready reaction to globalization with full potential of leading the global economy, thinkers consider an aspiration to supplant the existing super power of the world. But for China, globalization is a double edged sword since it brings forth both the threats and favours for world’s fastest growing economy. According to Peter Drysdale, it is because of China’s access to the global market that it has reached the first rank among the developing countries of Asia. Exposure to foreign market free of trade barriers has provided with a number of opportunities to enhance the business circle of Chinese companies. In a matter of two decades starting from 1978 to 1997, China doubled its status in terms of its capital gains by elevating to the tenth position from the twentieth rank in the world’s economy. This fact suggests that China’s excel in the international trade does not completely depend on its entrance in the WTO. In fact the country had embarked its way towards economic pre-eminence long before joining WTO. This means that China’s success though boomed by WTO had its very beginning with the economic globalization. Attitudes of Chinese towards Globalization: Just like any other existing phenomenon in the scene of human existence, globalization cannot be confined in a single frame of thought and any rigid point of view merely makes it a matter of perception rather than rationality. With both the negative and positive impacts of globalization for China standing clear, there are three types of attitudes existing among people regarding the relentless process of globalization. According to Charles Andrews, there people advocate and favour one of the three stands namely, Pro-globalization, Anti-globalization and Reformist Approach. 1: Pro-Globalization: The first group of people hold a positive view of globalization for China by measuring the country’s success in terms of strengthening economic position in the global market and increasing cognizance of the world about China. Lin Yifu, a professor of economics at the University of Beijing, is among such people who vision no challenge of globalization to China. Pro-globalists involve a group of liberal minded people who condones the risks of globalization in favour the opportunities it has provided. 2: Anti-Globalization: Contrary to pro-globalization, Anti-globalization rejects every bright angle of increasing globalization. It is because integration is a two way process. When China permeates foreign countries, these countries are equally permitted to invade China’s domestic market. As many fruits and cereals are cheaper in the global market as compared to that of China’s, when the exporters of these goods invade China they leave the country men (whose livelihood depends on the agriculture) at the edge of starvation Apart from such risks, the anti-globalists also take an account of translational terrorism by cross-border criminal activities and the proliferation of weapons. Certain events of recent past also favour such allegations against globalization. It s because of the cross border criminal activities and stalking that events like 9/11 trampled one of the most lucrative economic centres of the world. Anti-globalists belong to various walks of life with their opposition to globalization in terms of their field. For instance, many linguists across the globe talk about linguistic genocide and the overwhelming role of English as a lingua franca which is causing the death of many regional languages. In short, for the group of people who are propelled to anti-globalization, ‘globalization is nothing but a trap. Jumping into this trap would crush the whole domestic industry, agriculture, and service sectors. ’ 3: Reformist Approach: The reformists hold a balanced point of view towards globalization. With an over all positive attitude towards globalization, they believe that while the advantages of globalization are long term, the short term threats of globalization for China cannot be ignored. For them, at one hand globalization means increased financial gains, growth of domestic industry by competition with foreign companies and aggrandizing compatibility of China with the global community. At the other hand, they also bring under consideration the issues like growing unemployment as a result of declining industries facing foreign competitions and by widening the gap between classes by further lowering down the farmers and other such people to a still lower status. The threat to the farmer’s livelihood is clear in China that has over-emphasized the manufacture of non-agricultural products in the wake of the last few years. Consequently, innumerable farmers of China were left with their decline resulting from unemployment. China and World Trade Organization: â€Å"The progressive integration of China into the world trading system- spurred by its membership of WTO in 2001- has provided China with secure, open and predictable export markets. † According to the economists, behind the rapid rise of China in the global economy lies one key factor: the entrance of China in the World Trade Organization. The economic and financial analysts of global market base this opinion on the foundation that the major boom of China occurred after 2001 (the time when China joined WTO). In the words of David Dollar, the World Bank country director for China, â€Å"Since China joined the WTO, its exports have grown at an average rate of 29 percent per year. † It was in December 2001 that China (the sixth largest economy with a population of 1. 3 billion at that time) joined the World Trade Organization. Previously China had remained one of the twenty three contracting countries of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Impacts of WTO membership on China’s Economy: After its membership of WTO, China’s trade rate increased rapidly from 44% to 72% in 2006. It was after a foresight into the future that China compromised on a number of WTO policies in order to enter into the WTO. These were the conditions that apparently conflicted with China’s economy. According to Gregory C. Chow of Princeton University, three most salient conditions for China included: 1. Declining the tariff rates on the import of goods from foreign countries. 2. Being conducive in the practice of free trade by letting the foreign companies sell their products directly in the domestic market of China. 3. Establishment of improved telecommunication and finance industry for the sake of increased competition. Contrary to the analysts’ expectations, both China’s macro economy and micro economy did not suffer a set back after its entrance into the WTO since the net results proved to be favourable thereby compensating the scanty amount of losses. With a rapid growth of China’s exports, its increasing imports do not appear to be a threat for the country’s economy. Impacts of WTO membership on China: China’s acceptance to become the member of the World Trade Organization was not merely a matter of flourishing its economy but a reason for a series of the country’s aims. According to Wayne M. Morrison, China saw a potential of playing a major role in trade laws of WTO and indirectly practice an economic hegemony. In the contemporary world with flourishing business and finance, the economic stability is often seen as a measuring stick to mark the countries’ over all power. So, China’s increasing economic strength does not only suggest its financial stability but its potential to become the super power in future. Morrison also believes that another major goal of China behind the membership is to maintain the status of Most Favored Nation and permanent normal trade relations. Even if the World Trade Organization holds a stringent policy for equal treatment of all nations, the bigger nations with their dominating presence somehow benefit as compared to the under developed countries. Previously, these privileges were dominantly celebrated by the U. S. Impact of WTO membership on China Banking Industry: It is the overwhelming effect of WTO membership that it has left not a single institution of the country untouched. With almost seven years of WTO membership and business people facing free trade, China’s financial sector is now open to foreign banks. This has exposed the customers to a number of innovative and improved management mechanisms and services. In the words of Wang Zhaoxing of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, â€Å"The introduction of competition and strategic investors will be conducive to improving innovation, management and profitability of domestic banks. With considerable involvement of foreign banks into China, China’s leading banks including the Bank of China, China Construction Bank and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China have emerged as trusted names in the international banking. Although appearing as a threat for smaller banks, such a scenario is highly favourable for a Chinese customer because in either way, they would get better services.

The Theme of Time in Slaughterhouse-Five Essay -- Slaughterhouse-Five

The Theme of Time in Slaughterhouse-Five Many writers in history have written science fiction novels and had great success with them, but only a few have been as enduring over time as Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five. Slaughterhouse-Five is a personal novel which draws upon Vonnegut's experience's as a scout in World War Two, his capture and becoming a prisoner of war, and his witnessing of the fire bombing of Dresden in February of 1945 (the greatest man-caused massacre in history). The novel is about the life and times of a World War Two veteran named Billy Pilgrim. In Slaughterhouse-Five, Kurt Vonnegut uses structure and point of view to portray the theme that time is relative. The way Kurt Vonnegut structures Slaughterhouse-Five aids in the portrayal of the theme that time is relative. The novel is broke down into two parts: Vonnegut's story about the novel and the life story of Billy Pilgrim. The life story of Billy Pilgrim which is "presented as a series of episodes with no chronological order" . This mirrors the structure of the novel which has a beginning, middle, and end but not in there respective places. (Dawley 1) Billy states numerous times in the novel that he has become "unstuck in time" and that the time travel periods "aren't necessarily fun". (Vonnegut 23) While the reader never leaves the main plot line of the fire-bombing of Dresden for very long, Billy still travels alot. Billy "has seen his birth and death many times" and "all the events in between". (Vonnegut 23) The reader learns that "the things Billy Pilgrim" cannot change are "the past, the present, and the future". (Vonnegut 60) Many of the time warps are to his later-life as an opt ometrist. During his life as an optometrist he marries one o... ...y the good moments and bad as well that life brings to us. (Dunstan 1) Slaughterhouse-Five gives the reader insight on the meaning of life, time, and war. The thought of humans being able to view their lives moments concurrently and not linearly is erroneous to the reader, yet Kurt Vonnegut brings into the reader's head the idea of time being relative and only existing in human's imaginations. Works Cited ClassicNote. Insanity of war in Slaughterhouse-Five. 29 Jan 2001. http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/slaughterhousefive/essays/insanitywar.html Dawley, Jason. The use of Fragmentation in Slaughterhouse-Five. 29 Jan 2001. http://www.geocities.com/hollywood/4953/kv_fragmentation.html>. Dunston, Brittany. Destruction of Dresden, destruction of Vonnegut's dream. 29 Jan 2001. Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five. New York:Dell, 1991. The Theme of Time in Slaughterhouse-Five Essay -- Slaughterhouse-Five The Theme of Time in Slaughterhouse-Five Many writers in history have written science fiction novels and had great success with them, but only a few have been as enduring over time as Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five. Slaughterhouse-Five is a personal novel which draws upon Vonnegut's experience's as a scout in World War Two, his capture and becoming a prisoner of war, and his witnessing of the fire bombing of Dresden in February of 1945 (the greatest man-caused massacre in history). The novel is about the life and times of a World War Two veteran named Billy Pilgrim. In Slaughterhouse-Five, Kurt Vonnegut uses structure and point of view to portray the theme that time is relative. The way Kurt Vonnegut structures Slaughterhouse-Five aids in the portrayal of the theme that time is relative. The novel is broke down into two parts: Vonnegut's story about the novel and the life story of Billy Pilgrim. The life story of Billy Pilgrim which is "presented as a series of episodes with no chronological order" . This mirrors the structure of the novel which has a beginning, middle, and end but not in there respective places. (Dawley 1) Billy states numerous times in the novel that he has become "unstuck in time" and that the time travel periods "aren't necessarily fun". (Vonnegut 23) While the reader never leaves the main plot line of the fire-bombing of Dresden for very long, Billy still travels alot. Billy "has seen his birth and death many times" and "all the events in between". (Vonnegut 23) The reader learns that "the things Billy Pilgrim" cannot change are "the past, the present, and the future". (Vonnegut 60) Many of the time warps are to his later-life as an opt ometrist. During his life as an optometrist he marries one o... ...y the good moments and bad as well that life brings to us. (Dunstan 1) Slaughterhouse-Five gives the reader insight on the meaning of life, time, and war. The thought of humans being able to view their lives moments concurrently and not linearly is erroneous to the reader, yet Kurt Vonnegut brings into the reader's head the idea of time being relative and only existing in human's imaginations. Works Cited ClassicNote. Insanity of war in Slaughterhouse-Five. 29 Jan 2001. http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/slaughterhousefive/essays/insanitywar.html Dawley, Jason. The use of Fragmentation in Slaughterhouse-Five. 29 Jan 2001. http://www.geocities.com/hollywood/4953/kv_fragmentation.html>. Dunston, Brittany. Destruction of Dresden, destruction of Vonnegut's dream. 29 Jan 2001. Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five. New York:Dell, 1991.

Educational Development Theories

Understanding human development is considered the key towards maximizing the potentials of every student in the classroom. Developments in various fields, such anthropology, psychology, and biology have contributed largely to reinventing education in the last century. Research is given a central role in shaping â€Å"children’s education and experiences in schools† (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010, p. 4). The advances in related fields and the increasing support from research have prompted educators to be reflective and evaluative about pedagogy and curriculum in an effort to ensure that the best learning environment is provided. In short, teachers now have comprehensive tools to guarantee that no child is left behind. Any child that sets foot into the classroom carries with him/her a myriad of experiences and background; thus, making it essential to perceive the child in relation to the systems and dynamics that surround him/her. â€Å"All areas of development depend on the context of children’s lives—children’s experiences in families, schools, neighborhoods, community organizations, cultural and ethnic groups, and society at large† (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010, p. 5). Learning does not happen in isolation and it is how these various contexts that play out during developmental years that significantly affect his/her experiences in school. To illustrate the impact of context to development a case study is presented in this paper of an eight year old child, Tonya, attending first grade. After a discussion of the student’s classroom behavior, the developmental milestones for her age will be presented. These stages of development will be contextualized with the socio-cultural background of the student. Having created a picture of the circumstances of the student, I will then propose an analysis of the situation of the student drawing from educational development theories. Ethical considerations for the case study will then be discussed, followed by recommendations to improve the schooling and learning outcomes of the student. Tonya literally stood out in her class, not only because she was big for her age, but also because she was older than the rest of the class having been retained in kindergarten. At eight years old, she was attending a first grade class. Tonya was observed to display disruptive behaviors such as bossing and bullying other children, stealing items from others, or talking them into trading their things (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010). The teacher received complaints from both students and parents that she was also stealing food from her classmate’s lunchboxes. Tonya’s behavior can be described as atypical for other children of her age, and required serious attention. The period from six to ten years old is often referred to as middle childhood. There is continued differentiation of fine motor skills, although the growth in height and weight slows down and only picks up later on during the adolescent stage. Development of fine motor skills is reflected in illustrations that are â€Å"organized and detailed and include some depth cues† (Berk, 2009, p. 7). Moreover, such developments allowed for wider range of activities in play, sports and household chores. Often, parents start to build responsibility among their children by assigning them chores at home such as cooking, cleaning, and looking after their siblings. Middle childhood is also a period of active neural developments that manifest in increasing integration of cognitive processes. They are learning to read and write, as well as perform basic mathematical computations (i. e. addition and subtraction). In addition, they are beginning to express themselves creatively. There is also a marked improvement in verbal expressions, and are becoming more aware of the concept of rules with peers and parents. Thus, they are learning to grasp the concepts of cause and effect better. The socio-emotional development of children from six to ten years old is marked by development of emotional states in relation to the people around them. This accompanied by an increasing social network of peers and friends. At this stage, children become more aware of pride and guilt, and are more likely to conform to good behavior. Pro-social behaviors are observed when dealing with peers, especially as they learn to build friendships based on trust and assistance. It can be deduced that at this stage, children start to develop their moral compass and respond to others with sensitivity and better judgment. In the case of Tonya discussed above, it is apparent that the socio-emotional milestone expected for her age group was not been met. Instead of displaying pro-social behavior, she is disruptive in class, and clearly is not developing friendships that are based on mutual trust and assistance. She is actually behaving exactly the opposite. In addition, having been retained in Kindergarten may be a good indicator of some cognitive delays as well. However, physically, she has developed as expected, and has the capacities and skills to perform manual tasks for her age. In fact, the report from the teacher emphasized the point that Tonya had to take care of her three-year old brother before going to school. Knowing Tonya’s family background was the key to helping her curb the problematic behavior in school. Her physical development coupled with the responsibilities she had at home required healthy food and supplement, which was not available for her because her mother had lupus, and her step-father was permanently disabled. Children’s experiences within their families are especially important to their health† (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2010, p. 149). Tonya was not provided with essential dietary supplement which triggered her decision to steal food from her classmates. Moreover, although she was entitled to free lunches, she was not aware of this, and there was no adult who facilitated the process of availing this service. Tonya’s behavior severely disrupted the possibility of developing friendships. Her reputation made it difficult to gain the trust and respect of her peers. However, the teacher’s intervention helped Tonya discern what was right and wrong. Tonya responded to the intervention positively, and changed tremendously. Because of the situation at home, Tonya lacked a role model and the constant guidance of the parents to help her maximize her potentials, both cognitively and socio-emotionally. The change in Tonya’s behavior and understanding of the consequences of her actions are good indicators of sound judgment and comprehension skills. It is highly plausible that retention in Kindergarten may have been caused by socio-emotional problems, rather than cognitive difficulties. Drawing ideas from prominent educational theorists, Piaget, Vgotsky and Erickson, can be helpful to facilitate learning for Tonya, and hopefully accelerate her so she achieves the proper grade level for her age. Jean Piaget coined the term â€Å"concrete operational stage† for children ages seven to eleven years old. At this stage, children have developed the concept of â€Å"conservation. † â€Å"The child can think logically about very concrete objects, categories and principles† (Coon & Mitterer, 2010, p. 99). Thus, it is essential for the teacher to pay special attention to Tonya’s development of mathematical skills, and its relation to other subjects, such as science. Once she gains mastery, she will gain confidence as well in performing tasks, and this is essential for her to work towards reaching her expected levels. Providing Tonya with hands-on experiences will further facilitate her learning. Judging from the circumstances that surround Tonya, it is highly challenging for her to successfully develop according to the developmental milestones. As explained by Vygotsky’s (1978) zone of proximal development (ZPD), â€Å"human learning presupposes a specific social nature and a process by which children grow into the intellectual life of those around them† (as cited in Slee, 2002, p. 209). One of the contemporary proponents of ZPD, Wood (1988) further outlines the instructional options for mothers of children between four and five years old: â€Å"(i) general verbal encouragement; (ii) specific verbal instruction; (iii) assistance in choosing materials for a task; (iv) preparing materials for assembly in a task; (v) demonstration† (Ibid). With Tonya’s family background, maternal interaction has been limited, and from her early years, she has missed out on the developmental opportunities. Vygotsky’s (1978) ZPD highlights the role of the adult in facilitating the learning of children. Compared to Piaget however, he approaches the development in a more qualitative, rather than quantitative perspective and is more liberal on the expected abilities of the children. It highlights the role of the adult, and in the case study, Tonya’s teacher to provide the guidance that she is not able to acquire in the home. Furthermore, it will require effort in integrating Tonya in the class considering her past behavior towards her classmates. Vygotsky’s (1978) theory emphasizes the role of adults and peers in the learning of the individual. I consider it meaningful to highlight Erickson’s psychosocial theory because Tonya’s case is hinged on her socio-emotional experiences which have serious implications on her psychological state. At her age, the basic conflict as identified by Erickson is â€Å"industry versus inferiority† (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2010, October). School becomes more formalized, and children have to adjust to the new environment while meeting the demands in academics. Competence is achieved through successful attempts, while failure breeds feelings of inferiority. An eight year old joining a first grade class sets the stage for inferiority, and the teacher must be proactive in creating measures to make Tonya feel competent. Encouraging words and positive reinforcement can help her gain confidence and advance academically. At this point, it is highly important to focus on building her confidence first, so she is able to take risks and work further towards building her competencies. The role of the teacher in assisting students like Tonya always stands out. The teacher becomes the architect who shapes the conditions that will benefit the students more. Going back to the teacher’s narration in this case study, it may be observed that the intervention highly suggested by the principal violates the ethical standards set by the National Education Association. The principal’s suggestion of punishment which consisted of a month without recess not only puts the child in danger, but also becomes an additional cause for further disruptive behavior. The teacher though, may have violated the code as well by disclosing the decision of the principal in published material which has the possibility of causing harm to the principal’s profession. However, the teacher made a wise decision about visiting the family, and examining the conditions before taking any action. Doing so allowed her to find better solutions without compromising the health of the student. It is hoped that the teacher did not give her real name so as not to compromise the school and the principal. Although the problem was resolved, there were still administrative matters that she hopefully handled properly, and exercising due confidentiality.Reference http://www.nea.org/home/30442.htm

The Legion Of Cyber Crime - 2410 Words

Davit Temurian English 115 M-W Dawahare 15 November 2014 Legion of Cyber Crime Black hat, grey hay, white hat, all terms to identify different classes or cyber criminals, all tied together under the label of hacker. Whether it is for the greater good or for pure evil, cyber security seems to be breached every day as the media puts out headlines of major retailers, governments, and social media sites being broken into for personal information, mockery, or even to instigate real physical war. The recent surge of technological advances has brought attention to a deadly force once overlooked by all, the hackers. These individuals commit cyber-crimes because they can retain anonymity, it is easier and less dangerous than a physical crime, and it makes it easy to draw attention on whatever it is they are attacking, which is why we as a society need to be educated on their motives and means of attack to protect us from their criminal actions. Criminals seem to be evolving at a quicker rate than technology, learning lessons from past criminals being caught and/or kille d and adapting to the changing â€Å"smart† society. Millennials always hear from their parents to be wary of what they post online because it stays there forever, but the hackers of today laugh at that and are virtually invisible in any crimes they choose to commit. They are able to keep their anonymity through data encryption, computer zombification, and deep web browsers. Data encryption is one basic tool used byShow MoreRelatedThe Growing Harm Of Not Teaching Malware873 Words   |  4 Pages and private individuals have been exposed to a number of cyber threats and cyber-attacks. Cyber war, cyber terror, cyber-attacks, or anything cyber has become a buzzword for any crime that occurs via the World Wide Web. Even United States of America (U.S.), the most powerful nation on earth, has not been able to stave off these virtual threats. With just a single click on the internet, unscrupulous hackers could delete or corrupt legions of files via sending malware such as worms, bugs, Trojan horseRead MoreEnemy Of The System1454 Words   |à ‚  6 Pagespeople and the United States, but what he was truly doing was considered an act of war according to the Pentagon. The Pentagon delineates that an act of computer sabotage from another country is the basis for war (Potter, Ruder, Roth, 4: Examples of Cyber Terrorism). Hacktivism calls for a redefining of what is truly democratic and to what extent hacktivism can go before being considered destructive. Many would argue that this young boy acted as patriotic as any soldier or airman we have protectingRead MoreHacking sweeps the nation Essay2084 Words   |  9 Pagesbegan, younger hackers actually became professionals in breaching computer networks, this started and uproar of cyber crime incidents in the 1990s. From the 1990s to the 2000s, hackers started to really be recognized as a threat as they hacked into many federal government websites and large companies. This brought great controversy about what approach to take in stopping computer crimes. In the 2000s, hackers m anaged to make a huge name for themselves and became a main attraction to the public theyRead MoreEthical Hacking2871 Words   |  12 Pagesand Groups 1983:KidsGames, Movie War Games introduces public to hacking. THE GREAT HACKER WAR Legion of Doom vs Masters of Deception; online warfare; jamming phone lines. CRACKDOWN (1986-1994) 1986: Congress passes Computer Fraud and Abuse Act; crime to break into computer systems. ââ€"   1988: The Morris Worm Robert T. Morris, Jr., launches self-replicating worm on ARPAnet. ââ€"   1989: The GermansRead MoreHacking: Implications for Computerized Accounting Information System2858 Words   |  12 Pagesbroke into phone networks to make free calls. In the next decade, phone phreaks began to move into the territory of computer hacking, and the electronic bulletin board systems (BBSs) came into being. Hacking groups began to form. Among the first were Legion of Doom in the United States, and Chaos Computer Club in Germany. In the last decade, with the advent of internet, hackers moved all the hacking related information from old BBSs to new hacker Web sites. The face of hacking changed rapidly with easyRead MoreEthical Hacking8365 Words   |  34 Pagesdefinitions. The first definition refers to the hobby/profession of working with computers. The second definition refers to breaking into computer systems. While the first definition is older and is still used by many computer enthusiasts (who refer to cyber-criminals as crackers), the second definition is much more commonly used. [3] In the context of ethical hacking, hacking refers to the second definition breaking into computer systems. It can be assumed that hacking is illegal, as breaking into aRead MoreEthical Hacker5200 Words   |  21 PagesConduct Ethical Hacking? How Do They Go About It? Approaches to Ethical Hacking Ethical Hacking Testing Ethical Hacking Deliverables Computer Crimes and Implications Legal Perspective (U.S. Federal Law) Section 1029 and Penalties Section 1030 and Penalties Japan Cyber Laws United Kingdom Cyber Laws Australia Cyber Laws Germany’s Cyber Laws Singapore’s Cyber Laws Summary Page  Module: Footprinting Scenario Module Objectives Revisiting Reconnaissance Defining Footprinting Information GatheringRead MoreChallenges of Youths in Our Contemporary World4314 Words   |  18 Pagesavailable on the internet. However, one must not lose sight of the evil associated with these devices (internet, GSM and computer). Many (including children, youth and even older people) are introduced to do world of deceit, indecency, immorality crime, sexual perversions, violence and many other vices through the use of these inventions of modern technology. The computer and the internet have more damaging influence on the youth. Youths spend long hours watching digital videos (DVD) or playing violentRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesappearance and quality to those built in Europe, deteriorated so badly, and were supervised so poorly, that all those who could manage to leave them did. By the 1970s, city governments across the United States began to tear down these largely empty, crime-ridden structures. As the civil rights movement of the 1960s exposed the racial injustices of the United States, a series of riots swept across the black ghettos of more than twenty American cities. They reached a crescendo in 1968, following theRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesheadquarters for the districts law enforcement. The place contained ammunition and weapons that was used to re-supply stations in the surrounding area. How our city was picked for the headquarters was beyond me. I believed it had something to do with the crime rate and strategic placing. Anyways... This place will have all the ammunition well ever need. There may also be some ETF uniforms that can be used to replace our bike armour. Even though the bike armour is very light, it would never stand against

Should Abortion Be Legalized - 2314 Words

As seen in our recent 2016 election, citizen’s nationwide chose their future president based on what the path of abortion would look like if they were to become elected. The democratic candidate promised the legalization of abortion for women, while the republican candidate promised to make every aspect of abortion illegal. Then arises the issue of whether or not the government should intervene by making abortion legal or illegal. Of course, when talk of making abortion legal or not is brought up, half will argue with the side of religion while the other half will argue in terms of women’s rights. However, there are aspects of abortion that are left untouched by this conversation. For example, the economic side of abortion induced by the government, along with the cultural and social standards that are expected by the support of legalizing abortion. Abortion should be legalized, however, with heavy restrictions because of economic, social, and cultural issues that are t ightly wound around the issue. In 1973, the nation became aware of the Roe vs. Wade case. This case stated that there is the right of personal privacy under the Constitution, and gave easier access to abortion clinics because the verdict of this case expressed that the â€Å"state could not favor the life of the fetus over the life or the health of the pregnant woman† (Annas). However, under the case ruling, the court also ruled that â€Å"personal privacy is not unqualified and must be considered against the statesShow MoreRelatedShould Abortion Be Legalized?1357 Words   |  6 Pagessaid Margaret Sanger (Quotes About Abortion). An abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. 69% of women that have abortions are economically disadvantaged (The Demographics Of Abortion: It s Not What You Think). This is one of the reasons abortions should stay legalized, over half of the women would have been struggling to take care of their chil d without it. Abortion was legalized on January 27, 1973 in a 7-2 decisionRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1495 Words   |  6 Pagesbetter, whom the president should be or who or if at all, we should be at war with; no one can unanimously agree on any topic in this country. This is no different then with the current hot topic of abortion. Abortion, although legal in this country, is still treated and viewed as taboo because of a dominantly Christian-American society. Some Christians make it seem that if you are pro-choice then you are pro-murder. However this is not the case. I will explain what abortion really is and why it isRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?869 Words   |  4 Pages Abortion has become a common argument topic in America; numerous individuals consider themselves pro-life and others pro-choice. Those who consider themselves pro-life oppose abortion, while those who are pro-choice advocate for abortion to be legalized. I believe that abortion should be illegal and that life should be recognized upon conception. Almost all abortions occur during the first trimester when the fetus cannot live outside of the mother’s body. People who are pro-choice believe thatRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1172 Words   |  5 Pages Although some believe abortion is morally and ethically wrong should it be legal for victims of rape or incest who have no other alternative? Pro-Life advocates believe as horrible as abortion is, the baby is still innocent of any crime. Nobody should be killed for the crime of another person. While Pro-Choice advocates believe if a woman is pregnant by rape, compassion demands that she be allowed to abort. On the other hand, the pro-life vs pro-choice debate tends to overlook the fact that theRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legalized972 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is killing over 1.4 million unborn children in a year (â€Å"They’re Not†). For example, there was the case where a doctor got arrested for killing seven babies and a patient. The clinic he had was described as the house of horror by detectives because doctor Gosnell kept baby parts on a shelf in his clinic. In addition, it was said that he â€Å"forced the live birth of viable babies in the sixth, sevent h, and eighth-month pregnancy and then killed those babies by cutting into the back of the neckRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1200 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion is a very hot topic that has been repeatedly contended over for the past few years. The argument is should abortion be legalized or not? First before we get into the many sides of abortion we must to know what is abortion. Abortion means ending a pregnancy before the fetus can live independently outside the world. If abortion happens unplanned before 24 weeks of pregnancy. It is called a miscarriage. Abortion is caused design to order to end the pregnancy (Brown, 2013). This can be completeRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1680 Words   |  7 Pagesrights. A hot topic that is one of the most refuted in today’s society is abortion. One may not see abortion to be acceptable, although, does it make it right to take away that right from someone else? It has taken women a lot of fight and willpower to gain ri ghts to their own bodies, illegalizing abortion would take that right away. Therefore, the question is, should abortion continue to be legalized? First and foremost, abortion can be seen as a way of having full control over one’s personal body.Read MoreAbortion Should Be Legalized Or Not?1902 Words   |  8 PagesDecember 2014 Abortion should be legalized or not? Abortion in itself is a very controversial topic and different people has different views on it some says it should be legalized while others in the other hand says legalization of abortion can create a lot of problems. Abortion is the spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy before fetal viability. According to WHO, abortion is the pregnancy termination prior to 20 weeks gestation or a fetus born weighing less than 500 grams. Abortion may be self-induced;Read MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1685 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst women having an abortion, no matter what situation they are in, the point of women having their own rights should include whether they choose to have their own kid or not. The United States today is very divided on the whole abortion issue, typically republicans are against it calling theirselves â€Å"pro-lfe† and democrats are typically for abortion and they call theirselves â€Å"pro-choice.† Abortion had been practiced in the United States ever since 1880, but it wasn t legalized nationwide untilRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legalized?1799 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion across America Teenage pregnancy has become a norm in America. Sex education is gradually losing significance among the youth. Despite the wide range of contraceptives, many young women are continually getting pregnant. Additionally, the number of young boys and girls ruining their lives at an early stage as a result of quick moments of pleasure is alarming. Moreover, the advancement in technology is an increasingly contributing factor to the high rates of teenage pregnancy (Garfield

Feminism And Women s Suffrage Essay - 1360 Words

Feminism is a critique of patriarchy, on the one hand, and an ideology committed to women’s emancipation on the other. The feminist movement can be see mainly in 3 stages in the UK. It can be argued that feminism had its day due to lack of momentum behind a third and fourth stage of its movement resulting in a decline of feminism in this generation. In this essay, I will be focusing more attention on the first and second waves of feminism compared to third stage of feminism. The first wave of feminism in the UK was linked to women’s suffrage. Due to the male dominated society in the 1900s, opponents feared that if women had a political voice then the traditional relationship between men and women in the family and the workplace would come under threat. This meant that the women’s suffrage movement had a lot of support because of how women were treated and that they were lacking citizenship rights. 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Federal Tax Consequences of Ordinary Transactions

Question: Discuss about the Federal Tax Consequences of Ordinary Transactions. Answer: Introduction: In this section, I give an advice to Eric following his request to advise him whether he would be required to include any amount in his assessable income as a result of the sale of the land if land is subdivided and sold in separate 50 lots for a total of $3,000,000 or if the land is sold in one transaction for $2,500,000 without subdivision into 50 lots. The land is subdivided and sold in separate 50 lots for a total of $3,000,000 The subdivision of land would either fall under, one-off profit-generation undertaking, mere realization of a capital asset or property development enterprise which is mutually exclusive and are not determined by choice (Cassidy 1994). This implies that the facts circumventing a particular subdivision project dictate the manner the project is featured. Nevertheless, despite the mutual exclusivity of the above categories, it is possible that two or more categories can apply to one block of land during its possession period, although the classifications can never overlap and apply to the particular time (Hamilton and Downie 2008). The mere realization context is the best category that provides the best tax outcome where the land for sale has been owned at least 12 months; that implies that lest the land is held by the Company, any capital gain realized will be eligible for the CGT discount. There is surely an incentive for characterizing a subdivision project as the mere realization of a long-run CGT property. Nevertheless, Eric should know that whereas the law permits him to realize a CGT asset in the most enterprising manner, there exist a level at which the operations of the subdivision project would surpass a mere realization circumstance and shift to either a one-off profitmaking transaction or a property development operation. This means that the subdivision project will be converted effectively from being a capital nature to revenue. However, Eric needs to take note of challenging task of this legal principle that the line distinguishing the capital and revenue circumstances is never defined and the facts circumventing particular project has to be discretely as well as closely examined to hit a deduction on balance. The tipping point is determined by the magnitude of the activities being undertaken on the underlying land. From my examination of Erics scenario, it is concluded that the subdivision has shifted to being revenue in nature after considering the time of the land disposal, Erics significant intention or purpose of selling the subdivided land, commercial transaction, the magnitude of the amount of money and profit involved. The profit drawn from the sale of the subdivided land could either be capital gain or ordinary income based on the scenarios. Where one subdivides his land, for example, the land on which he lives, and then subsequently dispose the recently established subdivided block, any profit is treated as the capital gain remains a subject to CGT. Nevertheless, where a given profit generated has to be treated as ordinary income rather than as a capital gain, the certain two condition must be applied. One of the conditions is that either intention or purpose of engaging in the contract was to generate a gain or profit. The second condition is that one entered into the transaction, and the profits were realized, in the process of undertaking business or undertaking a business activity or commercial deal. The fact in Erics case is that his intent or purpose is to generate sale proceeds of approximately $3,000,000 compared to selling the land in a single block that would fetch approximately $2,500,000. We can examine the taxation ruling TR92/3 to help in understanding whether the profits on exclusive transactions are income. The above ruling established guidance in the determination of if the profit realized from the isolated transaction is revenue, and, hence assessable as anchored in s25(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936. The ruling regards the isolated transactions in two ways. In one perspective, isolated transaction describes those outside the ordinary progress of a business of a taxpayer undertaking business. The other view is that these are transactions entered into by the non-business taxpayer. Perspective one fits Erics situation since he the sale of land is to be done outdoor the ordinary course of business of Eric. The above ruling has set out the understandings as to the applicability of the conclusion made by the Full Court of the High Court of Australia in FC of Tv. The Myer Emporium Ltd (18987) 163; 87ATC; 18 ATR 693. In the above case, the underlying amount remained a profit gained from a deal that, even though outside the ordinary progression of the business of taxpayer, was engaged into with the intent of generating a gain or profit as well as in the progression of the business of the taxpayer. The Court ruled that for the dealings with a profit-generating intent, whether a profit from the isolated deal is income by the ordinary terms and utilization of humanity hinge greatly on the cases context. Nevertheless, a profit from the isolated deal is basically revenue where the taxpayers intent or purpose in participating in the transaction was to generate profits or gains and when the deal was arrived into, and the gain or profit was generated, in the process of undertaking the business or in undertaking the business activity or commercial deal. It was noted that the taxpayers relevant purpose or intent (of generating a gain or profit) does not amount to subjective purpose or intent of the taxpayer but instead, it remains the intent or the purpose of the taxpayer distinguished from the objective regard of the evidences as well as the scenario of the case. Moreover, it is never essential, ha the purpose or the intention of the profit-generation be the exclusive or overriding intent or purpose for partaking the deal but rather it remains adequate if profit-generation is a substantial intent or purpose. The person paying tax has to possess the essential intention or purpose at the point of engaging into the relevant deal or activity. Since Erics case involved the sale of property (land), it is usually that the Erik has the intention or purpose of profit-generating at the point of attaining the land. Indeed it is true that Eric had the intention of making the profit when he acquired the land. Relating the above case to Erics case, it is true that the main and sole intention or purpose of Eric was to generate more profit by subdividing the land and selling it into 50 blocks at $ 60,000 each. Moreover, the deal is outdoor the ordinary progression of Erics enterprise and it is apparent that the intention or purpose of profit-generation did exist about the underlying operation. It is also true that the process to be undertaken by Eric in this isolated transaction amount to a commercial transaction because of the underlying huge amount of cash in the subdivision as well as the degree of profit that Eric seeks to acquire. It is also a commercial transaction because it involves disposal of property (land), and hence the nature of the land and the timing of the transaction characterizes a typical commercial transaction. From the above information, my advice to Eric is that he would be required to include assessable income where land is sold with the subdivision in Australia. This is because Eric is involved in an isolated commercial transaction which will generate a profit amounting to income (Hart 2007). This is because this operation is regarded as an ordinary course of the Eric since any gross receipt from the above transaction is not income. Moreover, the operation is not regarded to have happened in the course of Erics business, but his intention or purpose in entering transaction was to generate a profit or gain. Moreover, this transaction would be entered into, and the profit would be realized, in undertaking the commercial transaction of sale of property (land). Even if this circumstance is viewed as not to occur as Eric is not undertaking the business and makes profit, the profit would still be an income since the intention or purpose of Eric in entering into the profit-generating transaction was to make a profit and that the transaction would be entered into, and the profit would be made, in undertaking the commercial transaction. Therefore, I would urge Eric to subdivide land and sell it in fifty lots since he will still make more money even after paying the 2.5% commission ($75,000) compared to selling the land in a single block at $2,500,000. The land is sold in one transaction for $2,500,000 without subdivision into 50 lots Where the land is sold in one transaction for $2, 500, 000 with no subdivision into fifty lots at a profit will still amount to a long term capital gain since Eric has held the land for more than 12 months (Ewing 2010). Eric will have to be taxed on the capital gain from the disposal of land which is the difference between what it cost him and what he received when he disposed of it. He will pay the tax on his capital gains as this forms part of his income tax and is not regarded as a distinct tax even though it is regarded as capital gains tax (CGT). Eric must know that every land acquired by him since the tax on capital commenced on 20th September 1985 is subject to CGT except particularly excluded. By selling or disposing of his land, Eric will have engaged in a CGT event where he makes the capital gain (Black 2012). Erics calculation of tax liability will thus be affected by the timing of the CGT event as it gives information on which income year to report his capital gain. Since Eric intends to dispose of his CGT asset, the CGT event will occur when he enters into the contract for disposal (Carbone 2010). According to the Australian residence law, one can be in Australia as a non-permanent residence or a permanent residence holding a permanent visa. Individuals holding a permanent visa can stay in Australia, enjoy employment rights in the country as well as other services such as education. Even though these persons enjoy such rights, there is exist a variation between them and other Australian citizens (Robertson 2008). Contrasting to a citizen of Australia who enjoys an automatic right to entry to Australia, a permanent resident is limited to international travel and can only do so with a valid travel authority in case a permanent resident wishes to return to Australia. Another difference relates to the right to vote in Australian Government elections. An ongoing resident in most cases is restricted and has to be enrolled to vote as a British subject before 1984 to be eligible to vote. In the current study George as an employee of global information technology based in Australia in Sydney. Mr. George is married with three kids and a wife, together with a family, they reside in Sydney Australia. George and his wife own a house which they jointly purchased in Coogee in Sydney. George is also a shareholder in Google Inc. which is an American multinational technology company whose list of shares are found in New York Nasdaq. George also has a joint bank account with his wife at Bendigo Bank, Coogee branch, where his monthly salary is being paid. From the discussion and critical view of the case, it is apparent that George is legally allowed to reside in the country indefinitely and it is upon him to make a decision as for whether to leave his family to live in Sydney or take the family overseas where he will be executing his duties for three years. Either of choice made by George will have an impact on the determination of his taxable income. Statham and Anor v FC of T 89 ATC 4070 In the case above the court contended that owners did not participate in the issue of offering land after the application of various standards of law to set up the certainties. The Court ruled that the acknowledgment of the land through deal did not sum to wage being earned by the proprietors for subsections 25(1). The Court further held the standpoint that it was not an occurrence of advantage which rose up out of the continuing or completing any benefit producing plan or undertaking, therefore, achieving the acknowledgment of the benefit which the proprietors had on their properties at the time they relinquished the goal of cultivating the citizen property. McCurry and Anor v FC of T 98 ATC 4487 The court apprehended that the valuation was applicable and complied with various guidelines and the application must be rejected. A request was therefore made by the court asked that the application is dismissed with the incidentals. The choice relied upon the dispute set out by the accountant which did not result in consensus with the Bradley and Brett's McCurry proof in the procedure. Since George is a permanent residence of Australia, he will be taxed by the government regardless of where he operates according to the legislations. All citizens of Australia are required to pay taxes even if one is employed or runs a business in a foreign land. It is, therefore, important for Mr. George to leave his family in Sydney and move overseas alone to avoid tax which could be laid upon the selling of the house (Young 2007). References Black, S.T., 2012. Capital Gains Jabberwocky: Capital Gain, Intangible Property, and Tax. Hofstra Law Review, 41(2), p.5. Carbone, D. 2010. An Extraordinary Concept of Ordinary Income? The Significance of FCT v Montgomery on What is Income According to Ordinary Concepts. Revenue Law Journal, 20(1), 1. Cassidy, J. 1994. The Taxation of Isolated Sales under Section 25 (1) ITAA: TR 93/2 v Joint Submission. Revenue Law Journal, 4(1), 2. Ewing, R. 2010. The arts and Australian education: realising potential. Camberwell, Vic, ACER Press. Hamilton, C. and Downie, C., 2008. The state of the Australian middle class. Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal, 2(3), p.1. Hart, G. 2007. The Limited Impact Of Whitfords Beach In Urban Land Development. Revenue Law Journal, 17(1), 4. Manyam, J. 2011. Taxation Of Gains From Banking and Insurance Businesses In New Zealand. Revenue Law Journal, 20(1), 6. Meldman, R.E. and Weine, N.S., 1976. Federal Tax Consequences of Ordinary Transactions in Real Estate. Marq. L. Rev., 60, p.61. Ola, C. S. 2012. Income tax law for corporate and unincorporated bodies in Nigeria. Heinemann Educational Books. Pillai, S. 2012. Non-immigrants, non-aliens and people of the commonwealth: Australian constitutional citizenship revisited. Monash UL Rev., 39, 568. Pillai, S. 2013. Rights and Responsibilities of Australian Citizenship: A Legislative Analysis, The. Melb. UL Rev., 37, 736. Robertson, S. K. 2008. Residency, citizenship and belonging: choice and uncertainty for students-turned-migrants in Australia. IJAPS, 4(1), 97-119. Shaw, K. 2014. Internationalization in Australia and Canada: Lessons for the future. College Quarterly, 17(1), 5. UNDER, A. O. P. P. T. 2008. Yushau Shaikh Uthman Registration No: Llm/Law/37457/2002-2003 (Doctoral Dissertation, Ahmadu Bello University). Young, N. J. 2007. Historical Significance of the High Court's Decision in Federal Commissioner of Taxation v the Myer Emporium Ltd, The. Melb. UL Rev., 31, 266.